vulgaire essĕre (« être »), forme remaniée par analogie du latin classique \u003Ci>\u003CinnerLink ref=\"esse\">esse\u003C/innerLink>\u003C/i> (« être »), ainsi que de l'ancien français \u003Ci>\u003CinnerLink ref=\"ester\">ester\u003C/innerLink>\u003C/i>, du latin \u003Ci>\u003CinnerLink ref=\"sto\">sto\u003C/innerLink>\u003C/i> (« être debout »). ce dernier ne \u003CinnerLink ref=\"subsiste\">subsiste\u003C/innerLink> que dans les \u003CinnerLink ref=\"participe\">participe\u003C/innerLink>s \u003Ci>\u003CinnerLink ref=\"été\">été\u003C/innerLink>\u003C/i>, \u003Ci>\u003CinnerLink ref=\"étant\">étant\u003C/innerLink>\u003C/i> et les conjugaisons de l'\u003CinnerLink ref=\"imparfait\">imparfait\u003C/innerLink> de l'\u003CinnerLink ref=\"indicatif\">indicatif\u003C/innerLink>, ainsi que dans les expressions aujourd'hui désuètes \u003Ci>\u003CinnerLink ref=\"ester en justice\">ester en justice\u003C/innerLink>\u003C/i> ou \u003Ci>\u003CinnerLink ref=\"ester en jugement\">ester en jugement\u003C/innerLink>\u003C/i>.",[146,165,172,190,204,218,228,237,252,260],{"txt":147,"xml":148,"examples":149},"Définir un état, une caractéristique du sujet.","\u003CinnerLink ref=\"définir\">Définir\u003C/innerLink> un \u003CinnerLink ref=\"état\">état\u003C/innerLink>, une \u003CinnerLink ref=\"caractéristique\">caractéristique\u003C/innerLink> du \u003CinnerLink ref=\"sujet\">sujet\u003C/innerLink>.",[150,153,156,159,162],{"txt":151,"xml":152},"Je suis petit et barbu.","\u003Ci>Je \u003Cb>suis\u003C/b> petit et barbu.\u003C/i>",{"txt":154,"xml":155},"Est-il malade ?","\u003Ci>\u003Cb>Est\u003C/b>-il malade ?\u003C/i>",{"txt":157,"xml":158},"Cet homme est président de ce pays depuis quatre ans.","\u003Ci>Cet homme \u003Cb>est\u003C/b> président de ce pays depuis quatre ans.\u003C/i>",{"txt":160,"xml":161},"L'eau nous est indispensable.","\u003Ci>L'eau nous \u003Cb>est\u003C/b> indispensable.\u003C/i>",{"txt":163,"xml":164},"- D'où est-il ?<br","''- D'où \u003Cb>est\u003C/b>-il ?<br",{"txt":166,"xml":167,"examples":168},"Se situer, se trouver, rester, spécifiant une location, une situation.","\u003CinnerLink ref=\"se situer\">Se situer\u003C/innerLink>, \u003CinnerLink ref=\"se trouver\">se trouver\u003C/innerLink>, \u003CinnerLink ref=\"rester\">rester\u003C/innerLink>, spécifiant une \u003CinnerLink ref=\"location\">location\u003C/innerLink>, une \u003CinnerLink ref=\"situation\">situation\u003C/innerLink>.",[169],{"txt":170,"xml":171},"Nous sommes en ville.","\u003Ci>Nous \u003Cb>sommes\u003C/b> en ville.\u003C/i>",{"txt":173,"xml":174,"examples":175,"sem":188},"Exister.","\u003CinnerLink ref=\"exister\">Exister\u003C/innerLink>.",[176,179,182,185],{"txt":177,"xml":178},"Je pense, donc je suis. }}","\u003Ci>Je pense, donc je \u003Cb>suis\u003C/b>.\u003C/i> }}",{"txt":180,"xml":181},"Être, ou ne pas être, c'est là la question.<br","''\u003Cb>Être\u003C/b>, ou ne pas \u003Cb>être\u003C/b>, c'est là la question.<br",{"txt":183,"xml":184},"Il n'est plus, il est mort.","\u003Ci>Il n'\u003Cb>est\u003C/b> plus, il est mort.\u003C/i>",{"txt":186,"xml":187},"L'Algérie française était ; elle n'est plus.","\u003Ci>L'Algérie française était ; elle \u003Cb>n'est plus\u003C/b>.\u003C/i>",[189],"absolument",{"txt":191,"xml":192,"examples":193,"gram":200,"attitudinal":202},"Il y a.","\u003CinnerLink ref=\"il y a\">Il y a\u003C/innerLink>.",[194,197],{"txt":195,"xml":196},"Il est des hommes que la résistance anime, il en est d'autres qu'elle décourage.","\u003Ci>Il \u003Cb>est\u003C/b> des hommes que la résistance anime, il en \u003Cb>est\u003C/b> d'autres qu'elle décourage.\u003C/i>",{"txt":198,"xml":199},"Il est, près de ces lieux, une retraite ignorée.","\u003Ci>Il \u003Cb>est\u003C/b>, près de ces lieux, une retraite ignorée.\u003C/i>",[201],"impersonnel",[203],"soutenu",{"txt":205,"xml":206,"examples":207,"gram":217},"Le moment de la journée.","Le \u003CinnerLink ref=\"moment\">moment\u003C/innerLink> de la \u003CinnerLink ref=\"journée\">journée\u003C/innerLink>.",[208,211,214],{"txt":209,"xml":210},"- Quelle heure est-il ?<br","''- Quelle heure \u003Cb>est\u003C/b>-il ?<br",{"txt":212,"xml":213},"Il est l'heure de partir.","\u003Ci>Il \u003Cb>est\u003C/b> l'heure de partir.\u003C/i>",{"txt":215,"xml":216},"Il est tard.","\u003Ci>Il \u003Cb>est\u003C/b> tard.\u003C/i>",[201],{"txt":219,"xml":220,"examples":221},"Le jour de la semaine ou la date du moment.","Le \u003CinnerLink ref=\"jour\">jour\u003C/innerLink> de la semaine ou la \u003CinnerLink ref=\"date\">date\u003C/innerLink> du \u003CinnerLink ref=\"moment\">moment\u003C/innerLink>.",[222,225],{"txt":223,"xml":224},"- Quel jour sommes-nous ?<br","''- Quel jour \u003Cb>sommes\u003C/b>-nous ?<br",{"txt":226,"xml":227},"Nous sommes le deux novembre deux mille sept.","\u003Ci>Nous \u003Cb>sommes\u003C/b> le deux novembre deux mille sept.\u003C/i>",{"txt":229,"xml":230,"examples":231,"attitudinal":235},"Aller, se rendre.","\u003CinnerLink ref=\"aller\">Aller\u003C/innerLink>, se \u003CinnerLink ref=\"rendre\">rendre\u003C/innerLink>.",[232],{"txt":233,"xml":234},"Avez-vous été à Paris la semaine dernière ?","\u003Ci>Avez-vous \u003Cb>été\u003C/b> à Paris la semaine dernière ?\u003C/i>",[236],"familier",{"txt":238,"xml":239,"examples":240,"domain":250},"Verbe auxiliaire servant à former les temps composés de certains verbes intransitifs indiquant un mouvement ou un changement d'état et tous les verbes réflexifs.","Verbe \u003CinnerLink ref=\"auxiliaire\">auxiliaire\u003C/innerLink> servant à former les temps composés de certains verbes intransitifs indiquant un \u003CinnerLink ref=\"mouvement\">mouvement\u003C/innerLink> ou un changement d'état et tous les verbes \u003CinnerLink ref=\"réflexifs\">réflexifs\u003C/innerLink>.",[241,244,247],{"txt":242,"xml":243},"Il est passé.","\u003Ci>Il \u003Cb>est\u003C/b> passé.\u003C/i>",{"txt":245,"xml":246},"Il est tombé.","\u003Ci>Il \u003Cb>est\u003C/b> tombé.\u003C/i>",{"txt":248,"xml":249},"Il s'est trompé.","\u003Ci>Il s'\u003Cb>est\u003C/b> trompé.\u003C/i>",[251],"auxiliaire",{"txt":253,"xml":254,"examples":255,"domain":259},"Verbe auxiliaire servant à former la forme passive.","Verbe \u003CinnerLink ref=\"auxiliaire\">auxiliaire\u003C/innerLink> servant à former la forme \u003CinnerLink ref=\"passif\">passive\u003C/innerLink>.",[256],{"txt":257,"xml":258},"Quand il sera aimé.","\u003Ci>Quand il \u003Cb>sera\u003C/b> aimé.\u003C/i>",[251],{"txt":261,"xml":261,"examples":262},"S'occuper d'une affaire particulière, s'en 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